Abstract Objective Evaluate autonomic function and low-grade inflammation and characterize the correlation between these variables in schoolchildren with obesity living in the Brazilian northeast region. Methods 84 children with obesity and 41 with normal weight were included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure (BP), inflammatory biomarkers, and heart rate variability (HRV) indexes were analyzed in children aged 7 to 11 years. Results children with obesity had increased systolic (p= 0.0017) and diastolic (p= 0.0131) BP and heart rate (p= 0.0022). The children with obesity displayed significantly lower SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, HF (ms), HF (nu), SD1, SD2, and higher LF (ms), LF (nu), LF/HF, SD1/SD2, DFA-α1, and DFA-α2, compared to normal weight. A lower and higher capacity for producing IL-10 (p= 0.039) and IL-2 (p= 0.009), respectively, were found in children with obesity compared to children with normal weight. Although IL-2, IL-4 and IL17A did not correlate with HRV parameters, IL-6 was positively correlated with SDNN, LF (ms) and SD2, TNF-α was positively correlated with LF/HF and SD1/SD2 ratio, and IFN-γ was positively correlated with SDNN, RMMSSD, NN50, LF (ms), HF (ms), SD1, and SD2. Conclusions The findings suggest that children with obesity have impaired autonomic function and systemic low-grade inflammation compared to children within the normal weight range, the inflammatory biomarkers were correlated with HRV parameters in schoolchildren living in the northeastern region of Brazil.

RESUMO Obesidade leva ao acúmulo de gordura e disfunção do tecido adiposo. Compostos ativos foram descritos no óleo-resina de copaíba, que apresenta efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antimicrobiais e antioxidantes. Contudo, não há dados sobre os efeitos do óleo-resina de copaíba sobre o tecido adiposo. Assim, testamos a hipótese de que o óleo-resina de copaíba pode prevenir ou minimizar a obesidade, e inflamação e estresse oxidativo no tecido adiposo em resposta à dieta rica em sacarose. Ratos Wistar machos foram casualmente divididos para receber dieta padrão (C, n = 8), dieta padrão e 30% de sacarose na água de beber (S, n = 8), e dieta padrão e 30% de sacarose na água de beber + óleo-resina de copaíba (S+CO, n = 8). O óleo-resina de copaíba foi administrado via gavagem (200 mg kg-1 dia-1), por oito semanas. Animais dos grupos não suplementados (C e S) receberam veículo via gavagem, em volume equivalente ao oferecido ao grupo S+CO. Ao final do experimento, amostras de sangue e tecido adiposo epididimal foram coletadas para análises bioquímicas, inflamatórias e de estresse oxidativo. A suplementação com óleo-resina preveniu ganho de peso, adiposidade, resistência à insulina e aumento de IL-1β, inibiu parcialmente o aumento nos níveis de glicemia de jejum, lipídeos e níveis de IL-6 no tecido adiposo, além de melhorar o sistema de defesa antioxidante no tecido. Nossos resultados sugerem que o óleo-resina de copaíba pode ser usado como uma boa estratégia para a prevenção da obesidade e suas complicações.

ABSTRACT Obesogenic diets lead to fat accumulation and dysfunctional adipose tissue. Active compounds were described in copaiba oleoresin, which presents anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. However, there are no data regarding the effects of copaiba oleoresin in adipose tissue. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the copaiba oleoresin could prevent or minimize obesity and adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in response to a high sucrose diet. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receiving commercial chow (C, n = 8), commercial chow and 30% sucrose added to the drinking water (S, n = 8), or commercial chow and 30% sucrose added to the drinking water + copaiba oleoresin (S+CO, n = 8). Copaiba oleoresin was given at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 day-1 by gavage for eight weeks. C and S animals received vehicle, at equivalent volume, by gavage. At the end of the experiment, blood samples and epididymal adipose tissue were collected for biochemical, inflammatory, and oxidative stress analyses. Copaiba oleoresin supplementation prevented weight gain, adiposity, insulin resistance, and increased IL-1β levels. Additionally, copaiba oleoresin partially attenuated the increase in fasting glucose levels, lipids, and IL-6 levels, and improved the redox status in adipose tissue. Our results suggest that the use of copaiba oleoresin could be a good strategy for prevention of obesity and its complications.

Malaria is responsible for thousands of deaths each year. Currently, artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is used as first-choice medication against the disease. However, the emergence of resistant strains prompts the search for alternative compounds. The present study aimed to investigate the antiplasmodial activities of natural triterpenes (compounds 1 and 2), and semisynthetic derivatives 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d. Antiplasmodial assays were carried out using the SYBR Green technique, whereas cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Hemolytic assays were performed on human erythrocytes. An in silico analysis of the compounds against PfENR (Plasmodium falciparum 2-trans-enoyl-reductase) was carried out by molecular docking. Experiments with 1, and its derivatives against P. falciparum showed that 1a was very similar in terms of biological activity to compound 1 (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) ca. 4 µM), whereas 1b, 1c, and 1d had reduced antiplasmodial activities (IC50 between 8-103 µM). The selectivity indexes of 1 and 1d for HepG2, and Vero cells were > 10. Docking results partially agreed with the in vitro experiments, with 1 and 1c having the best and worst affinities with PfENR, respectively. In conclusion, the results showed that 1 and 1d may serve as biotechnological tools in the development of antimalarial drugs.

Abstract Objective Assess patients submitted to elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, and the efficacy of different doses of fentanyl associated with bupivacaine. Methods The study included 124 pregnant women randomly distributed into 4 groups (n = 31) according to different doses of fentanyl (15 µg, 10 µg, 7.5 µg), Groups I, II, and III, respectively, and control group IV, associated with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (10 mg). An epidural catheter was inserted in case epidural top-up was required. We assessed the anesthetic blockage characteristics, negative maternal and neonatal outcomes, and maternal side effects. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis, Fisher’s exact and chi-square tests. The level of significance was 5% (p< 0.05). Results The quality of analgesia, time for the first complaint of pain and motor block recovery time were significantly better for groups that received fentanyl in comparison to controls (p< 0.001). None of the groups had negative maternal-fetal outcomes. Nausea was significantly more frequent in patients in Groups II (10 µg) and III (7.5 µg) when compared to Groups I (15 µg) and IV (no fentanyl). Vomiting was more frequent in Group III than in Group I (p= 0.006). The incidence of pruritus was significantly higher in the groups receiving fentanyl (p= 0.012). Conclusions Among the solutions studied, the spinal anesthesia technique using 15 µg of fentanyl associated with 10 mg of hyperbaric bupivacaine provided satisfactory analgesia and very low incidence of adverse effects for patients submitted to cesarean section. Trial Registration Number UTN U1111-1199-0285. REBEC RBR-5XWT6T.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar e comparar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos de pacientes com fraturas cominutivas distais do rádio tratados com fixador externo ou placa ponte dorsal. Métodos Foram analisados 45 pacientes, sendo 18 tratados com fixador externo, e 25, com placa ponte dorsal, após 1 ano de pós-operatório. Aplicou-se uma escala analógica de dor e o questionário Disabilities of the Arm, Shouder and Hand (DASH), além de análise radiográfica, da avaliação de força, e da amplitude de movimento. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando o teste qui-quadrado e o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Resultados A fratura foi mais comum em mulheres acima de 60 anos por queda do mesmo nível. Ambos os métodos demonstraram resultados funcional e radiológico similares. A infecção foi mais prevalente com o uso do fixador externo, mas a força de preensão residual foi melhor. Neuropatia simpático-reflexa foi mais comum com o uso da placa ponte dorsal. Conclusão Não houve consenso da superioridade de um método em relação ao outro em nossa análise. Cada um dos métodos apresenta vantagens e desvantagens, mas ambos mostraram resultados bons e semelhantes. A escolha do tratamento deve ser atribuída ao perfil do trauma, às condições clínicas do paciente, à experiência do profissional, e à disponibilidade de materiais.

Abstract Objective To evaluate and compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with comminuted distal radius fractures treated with an external fixator or a dorsal bridge plate. Methods In total, 45 patients were analyzed 1 year after surgery; 18 were treated with an external fixator, and 25 received a dorsal bridge plate. An analog pain scale and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire were applied, in addition to radiographic, strength and range of motion assessments. Statistical analyzes were performed using the chi-squared test and the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. Results Fractures were more common in women over 60 years old who suffered falls from their own height. Both methods demonstrated similar functional and radiological results. Infections were more prevalent in patients receiving external fixators, but their residual grip strength was better. Reflex sympathetic neuropathy was more common in subjects treated with a dorsal bridge plate. Conclusion Our analysis showed no consensus on the superiority of one method over the other. Each method had advantages and disadvantages, but both led to good, similar outcomes. The treatment must be chosen according to the profile of the trauma, the patient's clinical conditions, the surgeon's experience, and the availability of materials.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de associações enzimáticas em rações, com diferentes matrizes nutricionais, para poedeiras criadas em sistema “cage-free” alternativo. O experimento foi realizado com 800 poedeiras Isa Brown de 24-30 semanas de idade, distribuídas em arranjo fatorial 2x2, com duas associações de enzimas (fitase e xilanase) e duas matrizes nutricionais (convencional e supervalorizada). Os tratamentos foram: T1, fitase (450 FTU por kilogram) + xilanase (12.000 BXU por kilogram), com uso da matriz I (100 Kcal kg-1 de energia metabolizável aparente, 0,16% de cálcio, 0,15% de fósforo disponível, 0,03% de sódio e 0,02% de lisina digestível); T2, fitase (1.500 FTU por kilogram) e matriz I; T3, fitase (450 FTU por kilogram) + xilanase (12.000 BXU por kilogram), com uso da matriz II (120 Kcal kg-1 de energia metabolizável aparente, 0,22% de cálcio, 0,20% de fósforo disponível, 0,04 de sódio e 0,05% de lisina digestível); e T4, fitase (1.500 FTU por kilogram) e matriz II. Foram analisadas variáveis de desempenho produtivo e qualidade externa e interna dos ovos. O uso de fitase ou da associação fitase + xilanase, independentemente da matriz nutricional utilizada, conseguiu atender às exigências nutricionais dos animais e manter o seu desempenho produtivo. Porém, a combinação fitase + xilanase e a adoção da matriz I foi mais eficiente.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of enzyme combinations in diets, with different nutritional uplift matrices, for hens raised in an alternative cage-free system. The experiment was carried out with 800 Isa Brown laying hens aged 24-30 weeks, distributed in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, with two combinations of enzymes (phytase and xylanase) and two nutritional matrices (conventional and overvalued uplifts). The treatments were: T1, phytase (450 FTU per kilogram) + xylanase (12,000 BXU per kilogram), using matrix I (100 Kcal kg-1 apparent metabolizable energy, 0.16% calcium, 0.15% available phosphorus, 0.03 sodium, and 0.02% digestible lysine); T2, phytase (1,500 FTU per kilogram) and matrix I; T3, phytase (450 FTU per kilogram) + xylanase (12,000 BXU per kilogram), using matrix II (120 Kcal kg-1 apparent metabolizable energy, 0.22% calcium, 0.20% available phosphorus, 0.04% sodium, and 0.05% digestible lysine); and T4, phytase (1,500 FTU per kilogram) and matrix II. Productive performance variables and external and internal egg quality were analyzed. The use of phytase or of the phytase + xylanase combination, independently of the nutritional matrix used, met the nutrient requirements of the animals and maintained their productive performance. However, the combination phytase + xylanase and the adoption of matrix I was more efficient.

Unforeseen Plasmodium infections in the Atlantic Forest of Brazilian Extra-Amazonian region could jeopardise malaria elimination. A human malaria case was registered in Três Forquilhas, in the Atlantic Forest biome of Rio Grande do Sul, after a 45 years’ time-lapsed without any malaria autochthonous notification in this southern Brazilian state. This finding represents the expansion of the malaria distribution areas in Brazil and the southernmost human malaria case record in South America in this decade. The coexistence of the bromeliad-breeding vector Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii and non-human primates in the Atlantic Forest regularly visited by the patient claimed for the zoonotic origin of this infection. The reemergence of Atlantic Forest human malaria in Rio Grande do Sul was also discussed.

RESUMEN La oleorresina producida por especies del género Protium sp. es rica en amirinas alfa y beta, dos triterpenos con muchas actividades farmacológicas. Esta investigación buscó optimizar las técnicas de extracción y aislamiento de amirinas de la resina para hacer factible la obtención mejorada de esos productos. Se compararon dos métodos de extracción (maceración y sonicación) con diferentes solventes con aislamiento directo de la resina cruda. El aislamento de los triterpenos se realizó mediante columnas cromatográficas y los rendimientos de extractos y fracciones fueron hechos mediante análisis de varianza. El mejor solvente para la extracción de amirinas fue el hexano para ambos métodos de maceración y sonicación (38,16±2,06% y 37,67±8,21%, respectivamente). No hubo diferencia estadística entre estos métodos y el método directo (32,05±2,40%). Además, el método directo es más barato y ecológico. De este modo, esta investigación demostró que es posible obtener una gran cantidad de amirinas a través de métodos rápidos, baratos y ecológicos.

SUMMARY The oleoresin produced by species of genus Protium sp. is rich in alpha and betaamyrins, two triterpenes with many pharmacogical activities. Considering the need to make the improved obtainment of these products feasible, this study sought to optimize techniques for the extraction and isolation of amyrins from resin. Two methods of extraction (maceration and sonication) with different solvents were compared to direct isolation from crude resin. The isolation of triterpenes was performed by chromatographic columns and the yields of extracts and fractions were analyzed by analysis of variance. The best extraction solvent for amyrins was hexane for both maceration and sonication methods (38.16±2.06% and 37.67±8.21%, respectively). There was no statistical difference between these methods and the direct method (32.05±2.40%). Additionally, the direct method is cheaper and more environmentally friendly. Thus, this study showed that it is possible to obtain a large quantity of amyrins by means of cheap, fast and ecological methods.

ABSTRACT: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dietary calcium levels and supplementation with organic trace minerals selenium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese on performance, tissue deposition and litter mineral concentration. A total of 2,496 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to a 3 × 4 factorial experimental design with three levels of dietary Ca [8, 10 and 12 g kg–1, while maintaining the same Ca:nPP (non-phytate phosphorus) ratio (2:1)] and four levels of micromineral supplementation (0.62, 0.72, 0.82 and 0.92 g kg–1). There was a total of 12 treatments, with eight replicates of 26 birds per pen. Micromineral supplementation (MS) was achieved by adding different levels of the product Bioplex TR Se® and Ca supplementation was achieved by adding increasing levels of limestone and dicalcium phosphate. An interaction between Ca and MS levels was observed (p < 0.05) for the parameters of performance, liver Cu concentration, breast Se and Cu concentrations and litter Se, Mn and Zn concentrations. No interactions were observed (p > 0.05) for Ca, P or ash concentrations in the tibia, which were influenced only by dietary Ca levels (p < 0.05). The Ca level of 10 g kg–1 promoted higher Ca and P concentration in the tibia and lower micromineral excretion in the litter. The combination of MS level of 0.82 g kg–1 with Ca level of 10 g kg–1 led to the best BWG response. The supplementation conditions that led to higher micromineral levels in the liver and breast varied for each mineral.

Abstract This work aims to evaluate the performance of anticorrosive thermoplastic coatings in cold rolled steel sheets. Two types of thermoplastic coatings were studied: polystyrene (PS) and cornstarch. These types of coatings are applied for protection against corrosion during transport and storage of steel plates after cold rolling until delivery to stamping or other processing. The good performance for these coatings is suitably standardized to ABNT NBR 5915-2: 2013 and ASTM A1008 / A1008M-2016. According to corrosion tests carried out in saline chamber, the coatings were satisfactory in different degrees of guarantee of corrosion protection on ASTM 1080 steel, in accordance with standards mentioned.

Resumo Avaliaram-se o valor nutritivo e as características bromatológicas de silagens de capim-elefante (CE), cultivar mineiro, cortado aos 70 dias de rebrota, com adição de quatro níveis de casca de café (1-CE; 2-CE + 10%; 3-CE + 20% e 4-CE + 30%). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Foram determinados nas silagens os teores de lignina, celulose, cafeína, DIVMS, pH, N-NH3 e as perdas de efluente e gás. Os valores de MS aumentaram enquanto o pH reduziu linearmente com o aumento da casca de café na silagem de capim elefante. A produção de efluente ocorreu somente na silagem sem casca de café nos cinco primeiros dias, com maior produção nos três primeiros. Os valores de N-NH3 decresceram linearmente com o aumento da casca de café. Houve aumento do teor de PB à medida do aumento da casca de café. Houve aumento de FDN e redução FDA e DIVMS linear com o aumento da casca de café. Esses resultados mostram que a casca de café como aditivo foi efetivo em melhorar as características da silagem de capim-elefante cortado aos 70 dias de idade.

Abstract We evaluated the nutritional value and the bromatological characteristics of elephant grass (EG) silages, cut at 70 days of regrowth, adding four levels of coffee hulls (1-EG; 2-EG + 10%; 3-EG + 20%; and 4-EG + 30%). A randomized block design with four treatments and six replicates was used. The lignin, cellulose, caffeine, IVDDM, pH, N-NH3 and effluent and gas losses were determined in the silages. The DM values increased as pH decreased linearly with the increase of coffee hulls in EG silage. The effluent production occurred only in the silage without coffee hulls on the first five days, with higher production on the first three days. The N-NH3 values decreased linearly with the increase of the coffee hulls. There was an increase in CP content as the coffee hulls increased. There was an increase of NDF and reduction of the ADF and IVDDM linear decrease with the increase of the coffee hulls. These results show that the coffee hulls as an additive was effective in improving the characteristics of elephant grass silage cut at 70 days of age

RESUMO No Brasil, as espécies do gênero Liriomyza têm importância econômica e são amplamente distribuídos no país, causando danos a pelo menos 14 famílias de plantas, especialmente Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae e Fabaceae. Estudos sugerem a existência de um complexo de espécies dentro deste gênero com base na presença de semelhança morfológica nas espécies Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), L. sativae (Blanchard) e L. huidobrensis (Blanchard). Este estudo teve como objetivo empregar o DNA Barcode em novas áreas para estabelecer novos registros de Liriomyza sativae no Brasil e também a determinação da diversidade genética intra e interpopulacional, e reconstruir a filogenia das espécies Liriomyza utilizando sequências do DNA barcode. Os valores de identidade foram entre 97% a 99%, confirmando que as todas as populações brasileiras avaliadas pertencem à espécie L. sativae. A análise filogenética indicou a presença de um único clado de L. sativae composto pelas sete populações. A análise intrapopulacional indicou níveis baixos de diversidade nucleotidica e haplótipica de indivíduos dessas populações. A rede de haplótipos indicou a presença de apenas 14 haplótipos distribuídos entre populações brasileiras. As semelhanças genéticas compartilhadas pelas populações brasileiras de L. sativae sugere que essas populações estão intimamente relacionados. Os padrões genéticos observados em populações de L. sativae pode estar associada a eventos gargalos ou efeito fundador durante o estabelecimento deste minadora no Brasil.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, species of the genus Liriomyza are widely distributed and have economic importance as they cause damage to at least 14 plant families, especially Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. Studies suggest existence of a species complex within this genus, based on the presence of morphological similarities among the species Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), L. sativae Blanchard and L. huidobrensis (Blanchard). The present study aimed to use DNA barcoding to establish new distribution records of L. sativae in distinct regions in Brazil, determine intra- and inter-population genetic diversity, and reconstruct the phylogeny of Liriomyza species using the DNA barcode sequences. Identity values were between 97% and 99%, confirming that all the examined Brazilian populations belonged to the species L. sativae. Phylogenetic analyses indicated the presence of a single clade of L. sativae, composed of seven populations. Intra-population analysis on individuals of these populations indicated low levels of nucleotide and haplotype diversity. The haplotype network indicated presence of only 14 haplotypes distributed among the Brazilian populations. The genetic similarities shared by the Brazilian populations of L. sativae suggest that these populations are closely related. Genetic patterns observed among populations of L. sativae might be associated with bottleneck events or founder effect during establishment of this leafminer in Brazil.

Resumo A espécie Giardia duodenalis é dividida em oito grupos (nomeados de A a H). Isolados do grupo A são divididos em quatro subgrupos (AI, AII, AIII and AIV). Enquanto isolados do subgrupo AII são detectados quase exclusivamente em hospedeiros humanos, isolados do subgrupo B são encontrados em uma grande variedade de hospedeiros entre animais e humanos. Neste trabalho, foi constatado que, dentre diversos cistos individualizados de G. duodenalis provenientes de fezes de origem humana, um cisto continha os alelos AII e B e um número inesperado de variantes de alelos codificadores de beta giardina e GLORF-C4. Ainda, um dos alelos beta giardina desse cisto possuía fragmentos AII intercalando um fragmento B, indicando que esse alelo pode ser um recombinante entre alelos AII e B. Os resultados aqui apresentados são inéditos e colocam em dúvida o conceito atual de que os diferentes grupos de G. duodenalis representam espécies distintas com diferentes graus de especificidade por hospedeiros.

Abstract Giardia duodenalis is divided into eight assemblages (named A to H). Isolates of assemblage A are divided into four sub-assemblages (AI, AII, AIII and AIV). While isolates of sub-assemblage AII are almost exclusively detected in human hosts, isolates of assemblage B are encountered in a multitude of animal hosts and humans. Here, we isolated single cysts of G. duodenalis from a human stool sample and found that one of them had overlaps of assemblage AII and B alleles and an unexpectedly high number of variants of the beta-giardin (Bg) and GLORF-C4 (OrfC4) alleles. In addition, one of the Bg alleles of that cyst had a fragment of sub-assemblage AII interspersed with fragments of assemblage B, thus indicating that this allele may be a recombinant between sequences A and B. Our results are unprecedented and put a check on the statement that different assemblages of G. duodenalis represent species with different host specificities.

ABSTRACT The fruits of Litchi chinensis Sonn., Sapindaceae, are renowned for their biological activities. However, their leaves are poorly explored, although they represent an important source of vegetable raw material with biological properties as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive. An HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of epicatechin and procyanidin A2 in the leaf hydroethanolic extract of L. chinensis. The markers and other unidentified components were separated on a Luna Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: water pH 3.0 (with sulfuric acid), in a gradient run; at 1.0 ml min-1, 30 ºC and 278 nm for detection. The method was linear over an epicatechin and procyanidin A2 concentration range of 10–100 µg ml-1. The Limit of Quantification for epicatechin and procyanidin A2 were 1.7 and 2 µg ml-1, respectively. The Relative Standard Deviation (%) values for markers (intra- and inter-day precision studies) were <4.0% and the accuracy was 100 ± 5%. The method was applied to ten samples collected in the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil), which showed 14.8–44.5 and 44.8–69.6 mg g-1 of epicatechin and procyanidin A2, respectively. The proposed method could be a valuable tool for quality assessment of L. chinenis leaves as well as their herbal derivatives.

Neste trabalho, objetivamos discutir a teoria de (Benveniste 1988 e 1989) sobre a categoria de pessoa na linguagem e examinar suas implicações na enunciação infantil. Para isso, iremos revisitar a abordagem enunciativa de Benveniste, destacando algumas questões correlacionadas à teoria da pessoalidade. Após isso, buscaremos apresentar dados ilustrativos para discutir a emergência e o funcionamento dos índices de pessoa na fala da criança. O corpus de que dispomos é formado por dados de interação envolvendo três crianças diferentes (e suas respectivas mães) em situações naturalísticas, presentes na pesquisa de Ferreira Júnior (2009). As análises dos nossos dados mostram que há mecanismos enunciativos subjacentes à fala da criança que comportam modos de apropriação do sistema da língua e de engajamento do sujeito na relação discursiva com o outro.

The purposes of this study are to discuss (Benveniste´s theory 1988,1989) as regards the person category in language and to examine its implications in child enunciation. To this end, Benveniste´s approach to enunciation will be revisited with the purpose of highlighting some issues related to the theory of personhood. After that, we will analyze illustrative data in order to discuss the emergence and functioning of person indices in child speech. The corpus consists of data drawn from Ferreira Júnior´s previous research (2009) involving three children engaged in spontaneous interaction with their respective mothers. The results indicate that there are enunciative mechanisms underlying child speech that comprise modes of appropriation of the language system and modes of subject's engagement in discourse.